The Human Body
The human body is an amazing machine and with a little bit of knowledge and work it should give you many years of good health.
Below is a simple basic overview of the organs of the body's twelve systems:
1. Central Nervous System: Control Center
- Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
2. Endocrine System: Hormones
- Pituitary gland
- Pineal gland
- Hypothalamus
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid glands
- Thymus gland
- Adrenal glands
- Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
- Testes
- Ovaries
3. Cardiovascular System: Heart and blood vessels
- Heart
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
4. Respiratory System: Oxygenation and Removal of Carbon Dioxide
- Nose
- Mouth
- Pharnyx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchus
- Bronchioles
- Terminal bronchioles
- Aveoli
5. Skeleton System: Provides a Frame and Structure to the body. Approximately 206 bones.
Below is a list of the bones in the upper extremities and lower extremities, respectively.
- Clavicle - collar bone
- Scapula - shoulder blade
- Humerus - upper arm
- Olecranon - elbow
- Radius - Forearm bone on thumb side of the lower arm
- Ulna - Forearm bone on the pinky side of the lower arm
- Carpal - wrist bones
- Metacarpal - bones in the palm of the hand
- Phlanges or digits - fingers
- femur - thigh bone
- Patella - knee cap
- Tibia - shin bone; thicker lower leg bone
- Fibula - thinner bone on outside (pinky toe side) of the lower leg bone
- Tarsal - ankle bones
- Metatarsal -bones on the top of foot
- Phlanges - bones of the toes
6. Muscular System: Provides Movement. Approximately 600 muscles.
Below is a list of some of the major muscles:
- Masseter
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Trapezious
- Deltoid
- Biceps
- Triceps
- Pectoralis major
- Rectus abdominis
- Sartorius
- Quadriceps femoris
- Gastrocnemius
- Tibialis anterior
- Gluteus maximus
7. Lymphatic and Immune System: Transports and Primary Defense, respectively
- Tonsils: 3 sets > Palatine, adenoids, and lingual tonsils.
- Spleen
- Thymus gland
- Lymph fluid
- Lymphatic vessels
- Lymph nodes: Cervical, mediastinal, axillary, and inguinal.
- Lymphatic ducts: Right lymphatic duct, and thoracic duct
8. Hematic System: Three Types of Blood
- Erythrocytes - Red blood cells
- Leukocytes - White blood cells
- Thrombocytes - Platelets
- Plasma - Fluid transport
9. Urinary System: Waste Removal in Liquid Form
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethrea
- Meatus
10. Gastrointestinal System: Digestion and Waste Removal in Solid Form
- Mouth
- Pharnyx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestines > duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
- Large intestines (colon) > cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, & anus
Ancillary Organs of the Digestive System:
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
11. Reproductive System: Procreation and Secondary Sex Hormones
Female Male
- Vagina Penis
- Cervix Testes
- Uterus Epididymis
- Fallopian tubes Vas deferens
- Ovaries Prostate gland, seminal vesicle, and bulborurethral gland
12. Integumentary System: Barrier Protection, Keeps Organs Secure, Vitamin D Synthesis
- Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer
Want to learn more about how your body works?
Find out this and much more in Dr. Mundorff's book. Take Control: A Guide to Holistic Living. 2007
Want to learn the medical terms associated with the body?
Find out more in Dr. Mundorff's book. Medical Terminology: A Student Workbook* 2001
Book is under Mundorff's previous name of Rener. Also this book is designed as an adjunct and not in place of a medical terminology textbook.
